20.12.11

Keeping all Students Safe Act (S. 2020) Introduced!

From Barb Trader at TASH (TASH.org)-

Barb Writes:

I am writing to share the exciting news that S. 2020, Keeping all Students Safe Act, has been introduced by Senator Harkin in the Senate. This bill represents the strongest piece of legislation to date on this issue, and includes a prohibition of the use of seclusion, an anti-retaliation clause, a provision mandating that only the force necessary for the emergency be used, and a required debriefing session should an emergency that leads to restraint arise. I've attached the bill and bill summary for your use and review.

This bill represents the tireless hours TASH and APRAIS members have invested since 2004 to put an end to these abusive practices, and I am very grateful for your work and for our growing number of champions on Capitol Hill.

A letter of support from TASH to Senator Harkin is also attached. I plan to send this to the Harkin team by 4:00 PM today -- let me know in advance of that time if you have any questions or concerns. Also, please do not hesitate to send letters of support to Senator Harkin from any organizations you are associated with. FINALLY and most importantly:

Now is the time to educate your Senators on the importance of the bill and a request to co-sponsor. The Holiday break (which lasts through January 23) is a great time to meet with the Home District office!! OR, simply call your Senator's office (listed on the website of their office, or at www.congress.org<http://www.congress.org>) and say:

Please co-sponsor S. 2020, Keeping all Students Safe Act.

Happy Holidays!!

Barb

Barbara R. Trader
Executive Director
TASH: Equity, Opportunity, and Inclusion for People with Disabilities Since 1975
1001 Connecticut Ave, NW, Suite 235
Washington, DC 20036
202-540-9013

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Thank you for supporting the 2011 TASH Conference!
[cid:886004316@19122011-3582]<http://tash.org/2011tash>

<http://tash.org/2011tash>

Article on No Child Left Behind Reauthorization taken from CQ Today Online News

CQ TODAY ONLINE NEWS – EDUCATION
Dec. 16, 2011 – 6:14 p.m.
‘No Child’ Rewrite Won’t Happen During 112th Congress, Miller Says
By Lauren Smith, CQ Staff
House Republicans are abandoning bipartisan talks about rewriting the federal education law known as No Child Left Behind, according to the top Democrat on the Education and the Workforce Committee.
“I have communicated to Chairman [John] Kline my disappointment that he has chosen to go the partisan route,” George Miller of California said in a written statement Friday afternoon. “Partisanship means the end to NCLB reform in this Congress.”
“Bipartisanship is the only successful way forward,” Miller continued, underscoring that the Senate has already moved a bipartisan bill out of committee. “The House could do the same if it had the political will to do so.”
Aaron Albright, spokesman for Miller, said Friday, “We’ve been told the majority intends to write a partisan bill without us.”
Kline, R-Minn., would not comment Friday on whether he was walking away from the talks permanently, but he said that negotiators have been unable to move forward.
“My colleagues and I also spent months engaged in bipartisan talks on the way forward for reform of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act,” he said through a spokeswoman. “There were several areas where we forged new agreement but others in which we ultimately could not come to a consensus. The urgency to reform the law has not changed.”
The architect of the Senate’s plan, Democrat Tom Harkin of Iowa, said in November that it would be difficult to find a path forward for sending the president a bill to overhaul the education law (PL 107-110) without bipartisan legislation from the House.
Kline has taken a piecemeal approach to the issue by creating targeted bills designed to fix specific problems. The committee has produced three bills, but only one garnered bipartisan support. That bill (HR 2218), aimed at expanding charter schools and replicating successful ones, passed the House by a vote of 365-54 on Sept. 13.
The other two bills, which have not yet been brought to the floor, passed the committee on strict party-line votes. One (HR 1891) would eliminate more than half of the programs overseen by the Education Department, and the other (HR 2445) would give states and local school districts nearly 100 percent flexibility in how they use federal dollars.
Committee leaders have yet to introduce bills that would tackle the two most nettlesome parts of No Child Left Behind: the school accountability system and teacher evaluations.
With 11 freshman Republicans — many of whom sympathize with the tea party — on the House committee, Kline could have a difficult time bridging partisan differences.
‘Do the Right Thing for Kids’
The Senate bill faces uncertain prospects if and when it is brought to the floor, as some Republicans who supported it in committee want to see significant changes before they vote for it again. Without a similar bipartisan effort in the House, Harkin and Miller agreed, Congress has little chance of overhauling the law anytime soon.
Harkin, chairman of the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, urged Kline to reconsider on Friday.
“Without a bipartisan bill coming out of the House, I believe it would be difficult to find a path forward that will draw the support we need from both sides of the aisle to be able to send a final bill to the president,” he said. “Given that the HELP Committee was able to come to bipartisan agreement on a strong bill to reauthorize [NCLB], I sincerely hope Chairman Kline will reconsider his decision to not pursue a bipartisan bill.
“There is widespread agreement that No Child Left Behind needs to be fixed for the sake of our nation’s children, and I hope we will not abandon the longstanding tradition of bipartisanship when it comes to the education of our kids,” he said.
The administration echoed Harkin’s sentiments about the parties pursuing a rewrite together.
“Education reform requires all of us — parents, teachers, students and elected officials from both sides of the aisle — to come together and do the right thing for kids,” Education Secretary Arne Duncan said Friday. “Our children only have one shot at a good education, so it’s disappointing to hear that some members of Congress may let partisan politics stand in the way.”

A version of this article appeared in the Dec. 19, 2011 print issue of CQ Today
Source: CQ Today Online News
Round-the-clock coverage of news from Capitol Hill.
© 2011 CQ Roll Call All Rights Reserved.


On another blog.... tash.org


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Florida TASH Members Hold TASH Night … err … ‘Afternoon’ Out

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On December 10, a TASH Night (Afternoon) Out was organized by Amy Toson, a graduate student in special education at the University of South Florida, and hosted at the residence of Lise Fox, a Professor and Director of the Florida Center for Inclusive Communities at the University of South Florida, in order to drum-up interest for the Florida TASH Chapter. The event raised $825 on behalf of TASH and was a major success. Attendees had the opportunity to meet and speak with Lou Brown, a TASH founder, on issues of equity, opportunity and inclusion. David Westling, TASH's National Board President, was also at the event. Thank you to all who attended and made a contribution on behalf of TASH. For more information or to ask questions about the Florida TASH Chapter, please email Amy Toson atatoson@usf.edu.

8.11.11

How Bad do I Want it???

This question keeps seeping into my mind and some days I don't have an answer for it.  Those are the days like today when I get a text from a stranger with a picture of my daughter winning her first award for good grades at school- a ceremony I was not at because I am home in front of my computer typing away ANOTHER paper that counts for nothing more than a grade.  It seeps into my mind when I am told by the same daughter on our walk to school that she is acting out because "you never have time to play with me anymore" or when I sit for hours "playing" with my children but can't focus on anything other than the building anxiety of what I am not doing for my PhDness.

But then visions of Burton Blatt's Christmas in Purgatory pass through my mind.  And statistics of homeless, incarcerated and jobless youth with disabilities flash in my mind like lightning bolts.  I picture the kids down the hall, forgotten by all their peers, who do crafts in high school and take separate busses on far away "field trips" to the Y with someone else dressing them, deciding what they will eat and even wiping their "$*&#S" because the teachers and leaders of that school deemed separate as equal.

I picture their moms and dad's trusting a system that separates children based on constructed ability lines and I think to myself, "No, I do not want it that bad, but WE NEED IT THAT BAD!"

And that folks, is why I push forward.  I swallow my perfect mommy syndrome pride and I sacrifice.  My kids sacrifice.  My husband sacrifices and by gosh my wardrobe sacrifices.  But we, the people of the global world, need a voice that amplifies not my own voice, but that of the separated and marginalized voices of our communities.  So I continue......  do you?

25.9.11

Feds tweak with education for kids with disabilities....

I'm not sure how this one snuck by me, but the Feds are asking our opinion and I think many of you should share.......


It's looking as though the feds are ready to revamp part of the regulations governing the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act- the law that gives states money to educate students with disabilities and also the law that mandates how they should do it via regulations.  Therefore, the "regs" tend to be the most important part of the law, for kids anyway.  I urge you to read on and submit your responses ASAP.  Click the link below for all the details.- Happy politicking :)

News

Part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
On September 6, 2011, the Department announced a notice of proposed rulemaking to amend the IDEA Part B regulations. Changes are being proposed to the regulations regarding when a State or local educational agency seeks to use a child's or parent's public benefits or insurance (e.g., Medicaid) to pay for Part B services. Note that this document has been delivered to the Office of the Federal Register but has not yet been scheduled for publication. The official version of this document is the document that is published in the Federal Register. Download as a Word document or as a PDF.

20.9.11

Here is what I've come to know during my 3 + years.....

We know nothing of what we think we know because everything we know is clouded by that which we think we know (that which we hold in our own, biased and bound, hands).

We, I suppose, is human kind.  If that helps clear anything up.  I'm still working with this thought, but it keeps creeping into my subconscious, almost becoming omnipresent.

Let me give you an example....

Last semester I spent an entire course becoming an "expert" on ethnography.  I read every book "I" could find (along with the guidance of my professor of course).  I read Fetterman, Madison, Van Maan, Carspecken, Clifford & Marcus, Foley, and Bernard. I conducted a pilot ethnography, wrote a how-to guide, and gave an expert presentation.  I knew this stuff. I was proud- still am- of myself.  To some degree it was a turning point for me.  I began to visualize myself as a researcher, an ethnographer.  It sat well and "fit".

Not surprisingly I continued my development and enrolled in an ethnography course this semester.  I love it.  I am reading all about ethnography and get to conduct another "mini" version of an ethnography in a local community.  I couldn't ask for anything more.  However, the books I read now are historic and seminal ethnographic pieces conducted in various Urban American Cities throughout the mid 1900's through today, but they NEVER appeared in my "expert" literature from last semester.  They are written by African American Scholars: W.E.B Cu Bois (1899), Drake & Cayton (1945), Langston Gwaltney (1993), and Pattillo-McCoy (1999); and disappointingly no one questioned their omission from my expert products. I was professing expertise without true representation of the whole ethnographic story.  Had I stopped my quest last semester my expertise, while well informed and in good standing with the indicators "we" look for in experts, would have remained skewed and biased.

 How many other things in life have I not allowed the quest for knowledge and full understanding to continue?

What about you?

9.9.11

Get outside of my comfort zone, get outside of my comfort zone, get outside of my comfort zone…..


This is the mantra I have to keep chanting in my head this semester. 

I’ve been working in schools since I crossed over into adulthood.  I’ve taught in “inner city” schools in Chicago and Milwaukee and even suburban schools.  I’m comfortable in schools, as the teacher/mentor to children.  That is my comfort zone.

Through my current and past work with schools I’ve grown to understand that it is so very critical to be connected with the surrounding neighborhoods, even this I embraced…. as the teacher.  I would walk the streets, hold parent-teacher conferences in local family owned restaurants or even bus stops and even join in local community events at every chance I got- but I had an agenda, my own agenda.  I was “the teacher”.

This semester is different though- I keep going to my roots and thinking up a way to be in the schools, in a power position of the teacher or something similar, but I don’t want to do this.  I want to embrace and move past my power position as a white, female teacher/mentor/leader.  

I want to be guided by the community.  I just don’t know how!?!?!?!  

I’m finding myself nervous, unsure and even feeling physiological symptoms of anxiousness.  You know: the butterflies, shortness of breathe, …  

But I’m committed and by gosh I will find a way to get out of my comfort zone and learn from the community- not ask the community to learn from me.

24.8.11

Dissertation

This seems to be the topic everyone is talking about- when will you begin? what will you do?  where will you do it?????

I guess this means I need to start seriously thinking about it.

Don't you all understand that as a mother, wife, student, research and instructor I LIVE IN THE MOMENT?!?!?!


Who has time to think about something that can't happen for AT LEAST A YEAR?

I guess it's time to find the time........... HELP!


No really, help me.  If anyone has suggestions of texts, articles, web resources, words of wisdom and inspiration, etc... on how to kick start a dissertation please share.  I have a few I will begin to think about in the next week or so, but welcome new ideas.

Happy hunting.

21.7.11

Someone stole my thunder...

Or, maybe I'm trying to steal there's?

What am I talking about, you ask?

I'm talking about my continuum of services policy analysis project that has consumed my mind and body for the last 6 months.  I found a book, published in 1999 by James Kauffman (a name-stay in the field of special education) and Jean Crockett (a past special education center/segregated school administrator): The Least Restrictive Environment (LRE): Its origins and Interpretations in Special Education, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.

I am only kidding about the thunder stealing.  In reality it has been my best find yet.  I got it for $0.02 on Amazon (no that is not a typo and makes me go back to my earlier question of topic relevance) but am quite happy to have found it.

The text is a complete report of a large historical analysis of the LRE (least restrictive environment) requirement in the federal legislation guiding special education service delivery.  The authors did much of what I intend and am currently working to do: content analysis of the law and hearings, interviews with key stakeholders in the policy development and implementation process, and even captures the dilemma of service delivery and place decisions in special education. WOW- this surely will serve to be quite helpful.

Stolen or not, I'm thankful for the found thunder!

(On an aside, of which I will write more later, the 3 of us come from QUITE different perspectives.  I am finding myself getting angrier and angrier as I complete the book... be a good little researcher and keep your biases at bay Ms. Unplugged.)

10.7.11

A noteworthy case in Florida crossed my desk this week in coursework and I thought it worth sharing.  It seems citizens in Florida are gathering and have raised suit against the state for not providing a high quality education.

In Citizens for strong schools, inc. v. Florida State Board of education local citizens have accused the state of allegedly not providing enough funds AND "misusing standardized test results in isolation to make high stakes decisions about students and schools".

The complaint was filed on November, 19, 2009 and has not been resolved.  Stay tuned for updates.  I will be following this one closely!

2.7.11

One Dramatic Week....

Life as a mother, wife and doctoral student is anything but mundane... This week: 1 hard drive crash, 1 rejected proposal, 2 new research discoveries and a cross country move confirmed.

-The hard drive crash took all my data, all my papers and all my family photos.  On the bright side, in many ways I get a fresh start at life.  My lesson to you all is this: when they say back it up, LISTEN!

-The rejected proposal was for my continuum project.  I've submitted elsewhere, so it's not too disappointing, but does make me wonder about how relavant my project is.  Is it something that is important to me only.  Am I chasing fireflies?  The continuum and the educational segregation of individuals with disabilities has been a driving force of momentum throughout my career. It is what has led me to pursue and stick with doctoral work, even when the times get almost too difficult to bear.  But, I now am led to wonder, "is it pertinent in today's high stakes accountability context?".  And if not, what is my response?  Do I abandon the work because others don't see it as important and critical as I, or do I continue the work and hope in time new knowledge will push the edges of what is accepted and what is rejected.

-On that same topic, considering the fact that I am this far into it, I've found two new research tool discoveries that should help propel me forward.  At least I'm hoping.

 (1)  Legal Research: How to find and understand the law (Elias, 2009).  I'm hoping this text will provide useful as I continue to develop efficient and systematic legal research skills.

(2) Studying Education and Social Policy (Heck, 2004). This is a research method text that outlines policy research from conception to execution.

-And last but not least, the cross country move... it is as it sounds, my husband has been offered and accepted a job across the country.  He goes next week, we (the girls and I) go next year.  I'm too close now to stop my studies.  With one year left of coursework the plan is for me to finish up with courses and then re-unite the family next summer.  This means that I'll be doing my dissertation from afar.  Time to prep a new research site- and I had such a great one hear.  C'est la vie.  It will be good practice for my post-doctoral life.

So there you have it.  The balance I spoke of a few months back challenged but maintained in just one week.  Sometimes I wonder what it would be like to only focus on one dimension of life (i.e. just motherhood, just doctoral work, just ....), but that's just not me.

Happy Fourth of July!

24.6.11

Taking on the Continuum- Project Update #1

Taking on the Continuum- Project Update #1

The line above will link you to my project podcast site.  Click to hear an update on the triumphs and tribulations of my work- anyone who finds policy work easy please speak up. I am finding it to be anything but easy and would welcome the guidance.

When you get to my podcast site, please click LISTEN NOW.

18.6.11

Public Information for Who's Public?

As part of my growing interest in educational federal and state policy, as well as the local implementation of it, I am finding myself growing more and more frustrated with accessing public information.  By public, I mean it's not owned by anyone, and as a citizen of the state I am freely allowed to have it.

What I want is both a current and an historical perspective.  My hope is to put context around the issues I investigate, but am having a hard time finding BOTH.  I can understand the difficulties that may arise with getting Congressional Hearing reports from the 1960's, but today's documents should be easy to find.  I mean it is public information, isn't it?

This leads me to question the accessibility of public information, and when making it available who is the "public" that it considered.  If I have access to a state university system library and all it's resources, have internet access (fast I might add) and well beyond a master's degree in research and am having problems, then what about the rest of the American Public who, I might add, is often criticized casually for not being an active part of the political process.

Hmmmm.... maybe they would be if they could access the information.

Just food for thought.

10.6.11

A needle in the Haystack

But that needle can drive a system when where a child receives education is based on it; especially if it is somewhere other than where they would go if they didn't have a disability label attached to their education.

The continuum, as a legal term, is a needle in the haystack with the law being the haystack.  The word itself shows up a total of 2 times in the 1975 and current 2004 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act's Regulations (IDEA) and a total of zero times in the acts themselves (formerly PL 94-142 "Education for All Handicapped Children Act").  Like I said, a needle, or two.

One instance refers to the student's right to a full range, or full continuum, of related services (i.e. speech and language, occupational therapy, vision, transportation, etc...) deemed necessary for them to be able to access a meaningful education (a.k.a. to actually learn, and not just be there).

The other instance refers to a Continuum of Alternative Placements (Section 300.115).  This particular language is the title of section header in the regulations.  It is also the most commonly referred to by district administrators; at least in my conversations with them.

Just for kicks, look at this: Here you see the 1975 language, taken ver batim from the 1975 EHA Regulations:

Continuum of Alternative Placements-
(a) Each public agency must ensure that a continuum of alternative placements is available to meet the needs of children with disabilities for special education and related services.
(b) The continuum required in paragraph (a) of this section must-

(1) Include the alternative placements listed in the definition of special education under section ___ (instruction in regular classes, special classes, special schools, home instruction, and instruction in hospitals and institutions); and
(2) Make provision for supplementary services (such as a resource room or itinerant instruction) to be provided in conjunction with regular class placement.


AND here you see the 2004 ver batim language...

Continuum of Alternative Placements-
(a) Each public agency must ensure that a continuum of alternative placements is available to meet the needs of children with disabilities for special education and related services.
(b) The continuum required in paragraph (a) of this section must-

(1) Include the alternative placements listed in the definition of special education under section ___ (instruction in regular classes, special classes, special schools, home instruction, and instruction in hospitals and institutions); and
(2) Make provision for supplementary services (such as a resource room or itinerant instruction) to be provided in conjunction with regular class placement.

NOTCIE ANYTHING?

They are exactly the same.

URGH!

If we agree that politics and legislative actions are operationalized public values one might assume, based on the lack of language change alone, that public value around education for individuals with disabilities has remained consistent over the past 35+ years.  However, media, pop culture, schooling patterns and overall public language has shifted- does this not represent a public value shift?  What then, is the purpose of this legislation?

Beyond the value issue I see here, I hypothesize an additional issue related to the outcome, or the implementation, of the act's dual use of the word continuum in it's regulations: I hypothesize that leaders are confusing a student's "need" for related services with a their "need" for a more restrictive (aka segregated) placement.  I think that leaders (and other stakeholders) think, or act based on an assumption, that the more services you need drives where you should be educated. So if you only need a little homework help, or some extra time on tests, the general education environment is your best learning environment (the law calls this your LRE- least restrictive environment).  But, if you require a modified curriculum with lower reading levels and occupational and speech services for fine motor and verbal motor skills, then your best learning environment, or LRE, is a segregated classroom or even separate special education school.  I further hypothesize that these two separate uses of the word "continuum" (a continuum of related services and a continuum of alternative placements) were NOT meant to be correlated in practice, nor were they meant to drive action of one another.  As far as we know today, with our current knowledge base, an individual's service needs and their own best learning environment ARE NOT RELATED.  So to me, there is an operational confusion going on as leaders implement IDEA's federal regs.  

But.... as I said, this is just my own hypothesis.  My "Taking on the Continuum" project is where I test this hypothesis.  I'll let you know what I find out. 

[By the way, I am not the first to hypothesize this. Taylor, and others, have been saying this since the late 80's- See "Caught in the Continuum" in The Journal of the Association for the Severely Handicapped, volume 13, issue 1, back in 1988 for his take on the issue of the confusion of service needs with a physical education placement (aka the more services a school team deems you need, the more segregated your placement they deem you need).]

That's all for tonight folks.  I will eagerly await your thoughts: Some people think I'm crazy, others brave, and yet other's wonder why waste the time?... What do you think?

31.5.11

Continuing the Continuum Conversation

I am in the process of getting interviews set up with state departments of education to see what they have to say about implementing their own legislative policies around the continuum of services.  So far I have some connection to Bambi J. Lockman , chief of the Bureau for Exceptional Education and Student Services (EESS) in the state of FL.  In preparing for my hopeful time with Bambi I began to do a little investigative work around FL's special education policies and value positions.  A quick look tells me that the continuum is not a hot topic.  It makes me wonder if the continuum regulations are adopted verbatim from the federal regulations, or if the state does in fact have their own version.  It also makes me wonder what message is sent to district leaders regarding the continuum of services and placement procedures for students identified as one's who would benefit from special education services.  Perhaps there is not a consistent message, leaving space for a variety of local interpretations.  We shall see.

It is these continuum thoughts that will propel me forward in this project.

Wish me luck!

30.5.11

Taking on the Continuum- Project Introduction

Taking on the Continuum- Project Introduction

Click the above line to hear an overview of my latest project: Taking on the Continuum.

This project is a critical look at the federal special education law. In particular I will be conducting an historical analysis of the continuum of alternative placement regulation within the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (2004).

23.5.11

Taking on the Continuum- Project Introduction

The historical underpinnings and current implications of the COS regulation will be examined, exploring both the intent of Congress and how the term is defined. Qualitative policy analysis and content analysis of congressional discourse methodologies will be used (Hsieh & Shannon, 2005). The entire federal act of the 1975 Education for All Handicapped Children (EHA) and the most recent 2004 iteration of the bill will be used along with congressional hearings related to each. In addition, I hope to follow up this analysis with district (director of student services) and school site administrators (principal and vice principal)  interviews to examine local meanings of the continuum of service (or the continuum of alternative placements).  District placement data and placement procedures for service delivery will also be examined.
            As suggested by Taylor (2004) the concept of the continuum impacts individuals with disabilities across the lifespan.  EHA (now IDEA) introduced the COS language into educational decisions and one way to implementing the COS regulation was suggested by Reynolds' back in 1962 and again by Deno in 1970.  Both authors advocated for a continuum of least to most restrictive placement model based on an individual’s severity of disability or level of service needs.  Thus, according to Taylor the roots of the least to most restrictive placement model based on level of service need has confused segregated placement with level of service needs.  This confusion is evident in the school’s I've examined during other projects and has been communicated as  a barrier to full-inclusion for all students, especially those identified as needing intensive services.
            In addition, preliminary findings of this analysis are suggesting that a tension between placement in the general education setting as the best place for a student to be educated, the level of service need, and the continuum of alternative placements regulations of IDEA is deeply rooted. With the passing of P.L. 94-142 (EHA and IDEA today) the continuum language was introduced into law as a right, stating “each public agency must ensure that a continuum of alternative placements is available to meet the needs of children with disabilities for special education and related services” immediately following language that states the regular class as the preferred placement (EHA, 1974 & IDEA, 2004).  This language existed in its entirety in the first passing of the law and has remained the same through the most recent reauthorization (2004). It is this tension between regular class placement as the preferred LRE and the regulated concept of offering a continuum of alternative placements that I hope to explore.


Deno, E. (1970). Special education as developmental capital. Exceptional Children, 37, 229-237.
Education of the Handicapped Act means the Education of the Handicapped Act, 20 U.S.C. 1401-1461 (1975).
Hsieh, H-F., Shannon, S.E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis Qualitative   Health Research, 15(9), 1277-1288.
Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, 20 U.S.C. § 1400 (2004).
Reynolds, M (1962). A framework for considering some issues in special education. Exceptional Children, 28, 367-370.
Taylor, S.J. (2004). Caught in the continuum: A critical analysis of the principle of the least restrictive environment. Research & Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 29(4), 218-230.

15.5.11

Is it possible that I've found balance?

I am away for my annual girls weekend and while talking with some of my closest friends (see earlier post for a recap of how critical these people are in my PhD seeking life) I realized something- I have achieved balance.  Or at least some level of it.

My first year of doctoral studies was all consuming.  The balance was off and all my waking, and one may argue non waking, time was spent on doctoral work: Reading, writing, thinking, talking.  Not to mention engaging in constant internal dialogs around self-doubt. It was truly all consuming.  I remember spending weekends locked in a study room at our local library and becoming close with the local 5:00 AM coffee vendor.

 My kids struggled, my marriage struggled and I am sure my friendships struggled.  Talk about selfish.  I was miserable.  I almost quit.

However, today I am away for a fun weekend.  And I see this as an initial indicator that balance is upon me.  I am not locked in a library study room.  I am not crying over my painful self-induced doubt. I am having fun and am NOT consumed with PhDness. OK, OK.  I know.  I am still working, but I am also  fulfilling another important part of what makes me me: Friendship.

And you know what, I feel good.  I feel good about my studies.  I feel good about my projects.  I feel good about my own developing research (for the first time I am conducting my own- YIKES), my own teaching, my own work with schools, and most importantly I feel good about my family and my friends.  It was nice to hear this weekend that they feel the same way.

You know what else?  I am reflecting. This blog is proof of that.  That feels good too.  I had "no time" for this last year (so I told myself anyway) and now I am making time.  The 24 hour day is still the 24 hour day.  Time didn't happen to me. I made time and I continue to carve time out for all that is important to me.

Balance. It's a beautiful thing!

Maybe I will finish this thing (my PhD that is) after-all: Now that's powerful.

11.5.11

History

In my early school years I hated history- truthfully I did.  Recently, however I can't seem to get enough.

So I found THIS site. IT chronicles educational policy and developments over the course of 400+ years.  Beginning in 1607 and staying updated through the present, this site give a nice overview of critical turns in our nations educational history.  Dewey's in here. Piaget. Even the Mayflower made it in. 

Check it out.  If anything, it is a great conversation starter:  What's NOT in in?  Who's NOT represented. 

WHY?

10.5.11

Taking on the Continuum

Since entering the field of education, special education to be specific, I've been taught that every child has a right to the full continuum of services they need in order to access meaningful education.   These services may range from an enlarged worksheet, to more time on a test, occupational therapy or a one on one aide.  The level of need, or amount of services deemed necessary wasn't the issue.  Of concern to me was this: What does Joey need to be educated meaningfully with his peers?  I, based on this understanding, arranged educational opportunities that supported the growth of each student.  Place was never brought up as a discussion point.  Honestly, it never entered my mind.  Where the child was to be educated remained consistent, in the same class he or she would attend if he or she did not have a need for different specialized services (AKA determined to have a disability).

However, I am not naive and I realized early on in my career that this is not the same interpretation of the continuum of services that all my fellow colleagues across the country held.  Instead, many, I've learned, view the continuum of services as continuum of different places for kids with disabilities to be educated, ranging from the same classroom they would attend if they didn't recieve special education services (commonly referred to as the general education classroom) to receiving their education in a center school, institution or hospital (institutionalized or segregated education).  In other words, it seems to me that some of my peers interpret the continuum to be a legal legitimation to segregate kids based on level of need. Is this the case?

Federal education law for individuals with disabilities, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), states that districts must provide a continuum of alternative placements in the bill's regs.  Similarly, the current iteration of the bill itself (2004) and it's original regulations from 1975 mandate that children with disabilities receive a full continuum of related services.  To me, and I believe to congress, these are two different issues... or are they? Local interpretation seems to be quite confused on this issue, and has been since 1975 (the original passing of the law) (Taylor, 2004). 


To try and untangle the confusion I will investigate the definition and meaning of "the continuum". Over the next 3 months (or more- hopefully not though) I will be digging through federal regulations and congressional hearings from IDEA beginning in 1965, continuing through 2004 (the most recent passing of the bill).  I will also be looking at key supreme court cases that pushed congress to pass the bill and any research I can find on the issue (I don't think there is much- it seems to be a left alone topic.  I wonder why?).

My hope is that I can make some sense out of the varying interpretations and implementaion of "the continuum".  For you, it may seem like a waste of time, but then again you may not be a person with a disability that is forced to go to school 30 miles away from your brother because some group of professionals decided you needed "intense" services, and those "services" were only available way over there.  Becuase, if you were that person, I think (or at least hope) you'd understand why I need to do this.

Wish me luck and stay tuned.

I will update you as I go.

9.5.11

The making of a law

Recently, a professor of mine shared a site with me that explains the process by which an idea becomes law and I thought I'd share it.

Click here.

What I find most interesting in the flow chart is the linear process that is depicted.  I have a hard time accepting that ideas becoming law is a linear progression of citizen ideas traveling through steps until the a law is made.  You will notice the first step is "a concerned citizen" introduces an idea via introducing legislation.  The box makes this initial step seem simple and concrete.  It seems to say, "if you have an idea then draft a legislation."

Things aren't that simple.

 First, not all people are heard equally.  This means that you'd need to add "make the right connections to be heard" into this first box.  Second, not everyone has enough information to enable them to turn ideas into legislation.  So, "gain information to underpin ideas must be added" to this first step.  Then one must seriously think about  dimensions of power and elitism, aka who's ideas make it in to the public spotlight and who's don't?  What is the availability of information and do we all, as equal citizens, have equal access to that information.  Not to mention that people vary on their values and priorities in life.  So a debate over values may need to somehow enter this process.  The point is this: Making an idea into law is hardly linear.  Many, many layers of complexity exist.

I wonder if anyone has a flow chart for that?

School Choice

School choice has been a hot topic in education for quite some time now and many Americans do want choices.  Ask and you shall receive. There are now many avenues for parents to exercise choice in the education their children receive- thus gone are the days of simply going to school with your neighbors down the street.  At least not as your only option.  Current choices in "public" education range from neighborhood school choice options, private school vouchers to digital learning opportunities.  However, these choices vary from state to state (and in some cases district to district).

The heritage foundation has summarized each states' choice options.  Florida, as an example, has different avenues for choice, each with it's own corresponding state level bill, criteria for enrollment and process to access (hit the word below to link to each bill's text):

(1) Public School choice-  Opportunity scholarships (the right for parents to choose higher-performing school's if their child's school is failing year after year); charter school options (public schools that operate under a different set of standards than traditional public schools); and voluntary public neighborhood school choice (choosing to send your children to a school a few miles away instead of your neighborhood school).

(2) Private School Choice- The Mckay Scholarship for students with disabilities (allows parents of students receiving special education or 504 plan services to choose a different public school, or obtain a scholarship for private school tuition)

(3) On-line learning- Florida Virtual Schools (digital school options)

Each of these programs have their own criteria and paths parents must take to exercise choice.  Consistent with all is the right for increased parent input in their child's education and the right to high(er)-performing options. The idea is that if kids are receiving an education that is determined to NOT be "high-performing", or are not preparing them to live a meaningful and productive adult life, parents can choose "better" options.

I have no problem with that.  Of course not.  How could one argue against (1) increased control over one's destiny (aka adult outcomes), (2) the opportunity to leave a failing school (I mean is it really ethical to make a child attend a failing school year after year?), and/or (3) the potential for better post-school outcomes. The irony, however, is this... the array of choices are confusing and we have limited data to help guide which choice is most likely to drive increased outcomes (if any).  With such a wide array of options (aka choices) how is one to navigate the system?  Who is actually making a choice and who is not?  What are the actual outcomes on student learning and adult life? How do we  know?

Just to summarize for you the various choices was a daunting task.  I haven't even begun to discuss what steps are necessary to exercise each choice is, or how beneficial one is over the other.

Is choice a good idea?  To think about this an important questions remain:  Are school and student outcomes improving because of choice?  And, who's outcomes, exactly, are improving:  The students who are attending low performing schools year after year, or the ones who would be attending high performing school regardless of "choice"?

What do you think.....?

8.5.11

Analysis Paralysis... The Birth of my own Political Blogging

Things may begin looking a little different for you all on PhD unplugged, or maybe not.  But a few things are shifting:

(1) I am going to start blogging weekly- this is to address both my original promise to write more, and  my current policy class blog assignment. (It's also for you all- you know, to keep you captivated).

(2) Based on the above stated blogging assignment in my policy class (which is sure to be a GREAT class), you will begin to see a heavier emphasis on policy in the blog.

(3) I will be sharing more of what I am reading with you, merged with my own developing thoughts and growth.  

Never fear. My triumphs and tribulations as a doctoral student with many hats will remain a focus; they intersect everything I do and think right now and therefore cannot be abandoned.

(...mostly tribulations now days.  It will be interesting to see when a shift from tribulations to triumphs occurs- it will happen, right?!?!?!)


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So why "Analysis Paralysis"?

I am reading my first class text, The Policy Making Process (3rd ed), by Lindblom, C.E. and Woodhouse, E.J. (1993) and that phrase, cliche as it is, keeps entering my mind.  The text examines policy making as a non-linear process; focusing on the power relationships of business elites and constrained public ideas among other things.  It is providing me much thought.  I am only half way through, but am drawn in.  Right now it's making me think mostly of the limited, or constrained, role research and analysis truly has on policy; both it's development and implementation.  This is something I've thought a lot about in my recent past, so to have a book dedicated to the discussion is proving provocative for me.  I am tempted to go back to Fiske's (1993), Power Plays Power Works, for a deeper understanding of power relations; especially the role of understanding the power that comes into play through/within/outside of one's locale, or community.  I think the two texts could work together quite intriguingly well.  I'll keep you posted on my thinking along these lines.

Anybody have any thoughts to add?????

You know how I LOVE comments!

Until then, good night.

13.4.11

Finding my "fit"- the value of time and space

I am re-reading an article from a past semester called “Who Fits: A dialog on the politics of ‘Doing-Being’ a scholar” (Tooms and English, 2010).  In this article the authors, particularly one of the authors, walks readers through their journey of finding personal fit as a school administrator turned critical scholar and I connected personally with a lot what was shared.

It made me think of my journey.  The piece starts with The Road Less Traveled by Robert Frost.

Hmmm.

Do I take the road less traveled?  Why?
What does this mean for me as a researcher?   As a scholar?
Am I meant to be either?
What the heck is a researcher/scholar and do I even want to sign up?
Is it a long painful process of being socialized into one way of being and one way of doing?

These are the questions that plagued me my last year and last summer of studies.  I came into the program wide eyed, excited and anxious to embark upon a journey to somewhere. I never knew where that somewhere was, but was excited to go there.  I felt this journey would help me define it, understand it and move toward an important direction in understanding injustice and justice better.

This is not what I found.

I found rules.
I found scare tactics and coercion.
I found one way of doing something filled with standards, quality indicators and rigor.

Rigor to me was stripped of any meaning I had constructed and replaced with narrow paths and uncritical examination.  No one talked about social justice.  No one questioned the quality indicators and no one pushed me to think further and deeper along my critical vein.  I was bombarded with reading after reading and writing after writing.  So much that I couldn’t even think.  Is that what we call rigor?  Is that was a scholar does?  Please, get me out of here- QUICK.

As Tooms and English (2010) so eloquently explain about the unspoken expectations of the academe that drive tenure, perpetuating “the rules to ‘be’ an academic” (p.223) I too felt unspoken rules to success as a doctoral student.  Isn't persuasion and coercion when, to obtain status and social capital, one is reminded daily (if not hourly) that you must be published in top tier journals to have a chance at a job, you must present at the big conferences, you must write in a certain style to get published, you must peruse top tier journals to see what they publish on, you must get more lines on your CV, you must bond with certain professors, you must take specific courses in one department and no others, you must, you must, you must?

There is a check list and nice little boxes for everything. How can you stretch boundaries and innovate creatively with your mind, your words and your actions if you have to fit in a box?

 I HATE BOXES.

 I was feeling the unwritten rules of conformity at every turn and felt stifled and even suffocated.
In the beginning of my travels into the academy, back in 2004, I came across a life changing text- Jonathon Friske, Power Plays Power Works.  That same year I read Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance and Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed.  I had never looked at my work as a teacher through this critical lens but it fit.  Critical theory gave me a kick start to begin really examining the perpetual questions of inequity that plaque my sub-conscious and conscious being.  I took a break from my studies to have children, but was forever changed.

Then I came to continue my studies excited to re-enter the conversation and dialogue I had started with myself, but everything was different.  My assumptions and my way of understanding and thinking about life didn’t fit with the reality around me.  I stayed the course.  I questioned and critiqued myself like a good little scholar.  I figured out, for the most part anyway, what was wanted and I produced it.  Heck I didn’t get this far in formal education without serious skills in the area of figuring that out.  My grades were good, some excellent, some OK.  But I wasn’t thinking.  I mean deeply thinking and examining critically the power and hegemony of life.

Then, along the way I was hurt by various actors- their actions, their words, and their overall lack of excitement with what I’d bravely throw on the table every so often to test the waters.  Instead of supportively pushing me I was shut down.  I felt alone.  I still feel alone.

The more I read.  The more I did. And the more I performed rigorously the more I realized that I didn’t fit.

I needed to heal.
I needed to re-find my voice.
Should I quit?
Should I change focus?
Should I find a new academic home?
All these questions entered my mind daily.

Then it hit me.  Stay away.  Find your own space and spread your own wings.  Find those who will do their best to support, guide, and challenge you in a positive way and see what you can do.

So I didn’t leave, but I found my own space and I found my own place; school based research with real teachers and real administrators.  I stopped coming into the university office. I quit my graduate assistantship and I worked from either home or the elementary school.  I didn’t, and still don’t, know exactly what to do there, but it fits.

Simultaneously I found critical ethnography.  It fits too.  So I am trying it out this semester and for the first time since being here back at the academe I feel good about the work I’m doing.  I am trying out methods in the critical methodology realm and am seeing what fits, what needs adapting and what just doesn’t work for me or those that I research with- the teachers, students, families and administrators.  I research, I work with, I teach, I consult, I talk, I converse with; we have fun together and we think together.  If this is the academe then sign me up.  If not, then hopefully I’ll figure out what it is and how I can continue to do it.

My skills need much deeper development.  My bias needs checking and my writing must improve, but all that will come in time.  I can handle that and I can excitedly work on that with current pilots and beyond because now I fit, albeit on the periphery doing my own thing, but it feels good.

Now I need to find a community of critical friends to push, support, guide and critique me.  I have some and I will continue to find more.  

For the first time I can imagine a place for me within the academe along with the world of people working together to figure out this thing we call justice.  And that’s exciting, that I love, and that, most definitely, fits.

5.3.11

I get by with a little help from my friends...

I'm not sure how many of you are current doctoral students, but if you are you'll most likely understand the new level of chaos, self-denial, and introspection of everything that I am living.  Even if you're not a doctoral student, as a human you've most likely experienced times in your life where you've pushed yourself past any limit imaginable, and therefore should be able to relate as well (as a side note, if you have not pushed yourself that far- what are you waiting for?).

At times I wonder how I am going to survive and keep me in tact through this all.  The beauty of it, as I see it anyhow, is that as a human I am a pretty creative agent. We all are, and with my new doctoral knowledge I could cite some really smart people that have proven this for us- pretty cool, huh :) ?  But don't worry I won't.  That's not the point of this paper.  The point is this- I'm realizing that I've come up with some creative and powerful self-survival tactics and I need to share the most important one to date.

FRIENDS
FRIENDS
FRIENDS
FRIENDS

I have a few amazing friends.  The kind that stand out above the rest.  Truth be told, those of you who know me know that I am pretty social so I have a lot of amazing people in my life.  They are crucial.  But today I am telling you about my few stars that propel me forward, keep me real, and remind me every time I need reminding (even when I don't know I need it) that I am loved, I am strong and I can do this.

Let me tell you a few of the most amazing things.

(1) Care packages.  I remember being a kid and seeing certain friends get care packages from their parents at school.  It always made me feel warm and fuzzy for those kids.  Now I am one of those kids.  My dear, thank you.  It tells me how special I am to you.  It tells me how well you know the real me and that you love me just the same.  It reminds me that you, my friend, are what keeps me going and you are what makes me work to stay connected to reality and not get too lost in my crazy critical mind.  Thank you friend. I miss you!

(2) Real conversations and real fun, just when I need it.  I have a few friends that don't ever let me forget who I am- all of me that is.  There are only a few people in life that bless us with their whole selves, thereby allowing us to expose our whole selves.  I am so lucky, my dear friends, to have you and to share me with you.  You let me be neurotic.  You remind me of my gifts.  You let me into your lives, your heart, your soul, and that is an honor.  You make me have fun.  You make me let go and remind me to take care of me by being there for me and with me when I need a release (you even help me remember that I need a release).  Thank you friends.  You keep me sane, loved and supported.  Who can ask for anything more?

(3) An open, critical and honest ear.  I have friends that listen.  They listen really good and respond in true ways.  Not the kind of responses that are cliche or expected, but the kind that come from who they are.  Those are real friends.  I can look in the mirror and tell myself what I want to hear all day, but that's not helpful.  I have people in my life, good friends (my hubby included) that debate with me when appropriate, agree with me when true, and spend hours editing my written and verbal work.  Now those are good friends. If I ever get published or asked to speak (People keep telling me that being productive via publishing is the point of this all.  I often beg to differ- maybe a future post topic.) it is only because of you all.  My developing thoughts develop with each of you.  Thank you friends.

So how do I survive the stressors of life as a mother, a wife, a friend, and a doctoral student?  Friends.  Really really really good friends: friends that are family and family that are friends.

To borrow words from the Beatles, "I get by with a little help from my friends."  And in my case, I get by with A LOT of help from my friends.  As a tribute to you my dear friends, thank you and I love you!

15.2.11

The Power of the Post-It

I would like to take this moment to thank 3M's Art Fry for creating the post-it note.  They hold immeasurable value in my life as a busy doctoral student and mother.  Here are some of the most valuable uses to date:
  1. Documenting random thoughts- I have a lot of these and typically I don't know what to do with them, where to file them in my brain let alone my work, and fear loosing them.  Enter Mr. Post-it.  I write it down and stick it up on my desk.  
  2. Marking favorite sections of a book, magazine, legal hearing, or journal article- OK, I realize this is an oldy but goody trick, but it truly is invaluable!
  3. Organizing my writing- I'm still working on this one, but my thought is if I write down each main theme/argument on it's own post it I can keep rearranging them until the piece flows.  Like a moveable stick-note outline.  I'll let you know if it helps.
  4. Keeping me focused when writing- this is related to #1, documenting random thoughts, but deserves it's own number.  My brain is very interactive when I write and often one topic will cause me to think, almost simultaneously, about another. I used to write it all down in my pieces making the flow seem quite illogical at times.  What I do now is keep a stack of post-its near by (or use the electronic post-it feature of my mac) and write down all the thoughts I have while writing, stick it where I think it might fit and then go back and re-arrange as need be to fill in my piece.  This trick has GREATLY improved my writing and I highly recommend it for people that tend to write/think as a flow of conscious vs. planned out method.
  5. The Sticky Mess- OK, I don't use this one as often, but train schools to use it when planning educational services for kiddos.  Here is what you do- put all the classrooms on the top of a table so each column is a different teacher/period/course.  Then write each child's name on their own post it.  Put each related service provider's name on their own post it. Put each educational support provider/teacher on their own post-it. I like to color code- but that's bc I'm a visual person.  Then move things around until you get a good match between what the child needs and what classroom they are placed in.  It works wonders!
  6. Love notes to my kids- OH yes. Definitely invaluable for a busy mom who is at school for many bed times.  My kiddos love to get mommy love notes in their bed when they awake in the AM after I missed bed time, in their lunch box, or stuck to the bathroom mirror.  The love note opportunities are endless when they stick!  I suppose this could, and should, be used for spouses and great friends.   You see where my priorities lie these days- my poor husband.
  7. To do lists- I get overwhelmed with my never ending list of "to-do's" so the long checklist never worked for me.  A 20-30+ line to-do list causes me unnecessary (and at times crippling) anxiety.  Instead of a list I put each to-do item on a post-it.  Then I get to actually THROW IT AWAY once I've completed it.  Throwing something away provides me with MUCH MORE satisfaction then crossing items off a list that never ends.  It just seems more final.
  8. ADD TO THE LIST WITH COMMENTS- I can't wait to hear how you all use post-its. Please, do share.

9.2.11

Developing a Research Question 4- steps

You may be noticing that I toggle between the philosophical self-critique to the practical.  This I do in my day to day life too.  Maybe it is part of doctoral training, or maybe it is just me.  I am hoping it will serve me well in the future as I work to bridge theory to practice and break down the ivory tower, but right now I may just look schizophrenic.  Oh well.

I found a great list of how to develop a meaningful research question and I just have to document it- for your own good and my own (probably more me than you since most people reading this are my non-researcher friends- I love you all)!

 I am working to know more about ethnographic and critical ethnographic studies and therefore am reading, reading, reading, and reading more on the topic.  My latest read, Critical Ethnography: Method, Ethics, and Performance by D. Soyini Madison (2005) is where I stumbled upon great advice. Her introduction writes generally about what critical ethnography is and how it differs from traditional ethnography, but ch.2, oh ch.2, this gets to the heart of how to develop a research question.  It is general enough for all types of research- something I appreciate and hope you will too, so I have to share it publicly. Soyini, if you're out there, THANK YOU!  I've been searching for this for years!!!! 


Here is what she says:


STEP 1     Ask yourself "what is the work my soul must have" (Alice Walker) and develop a topic from there.


STEP 2     Read past literature on the topic to familiarize yourself with the current discourse, methods and "findings".


STEP 3     Jot down titles, quotes, phrases, names, etc... from the literature that interested you.


STEP 4      Using the list and your own intuition WRITE questions- A LOT OF THEM.  In her words "write, write, and keep writing. Take a break, and then write more questions" (p.21).


STEP 5     Find overarching themes that run through the list- making connection and building "clusters of ideas... that surface" (p.21).


STEP 6     Write a topic/sub-heading question for each theme/cluster- this becomes your summary of topic questions


STEP 7      Consolidate your questions to determine what you want to study and why. "This is a process of prioritizing certain questions over others, eliminating overlaps, and blending questions together" (p.21).


TADA!  There it is.  Now if only I had found this a month ago.  Thank you D.Soyini Madison.




Madison, D.S. (2005). Critical Ethnography: Method, Ethics and Performance. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications

4.2.11

Hiding

I hide behind a veil of doing.  I manage my time and tasks so they fill the spaces in my brain with check-lists, wish lists, and pity parties over my self created chaos.  I am complicit.  I am in my own way.  The work I seek to do is overwhelming, yet critical.  This puts me in a catch-22.  I cannot work without addressing deeply entrenched issues of equity, inclusion and exclusion yet in working I cannot begin to unravel how to enter the conversation.  So behind my veil of doing I state "if only I had the time".  Well, folks, the reality is that I do have the time.  We all have time.  I just make conscious choices about how to spend my time that does not leave space for that which I seek to do.  I am in my own way.  Not you.  Not the system.  Not the course work.  Me.

Well, phew.  That's a relief.  All this time I thought the system was out to get me.  Looks like I've got some re-prioritizing to do.  Do you?




This might be all I have to say on the topic.  It seems to sum things up.  But does it?  Here I sit in my beautiful home.  My husband across the way working his corporate deals with reggae in the background, over looking my pool.  All the while my children are safe and secure at the local, not cheap, Montessori school, developing their individual cognition, creativity and leadership skills.  They are there not because I lack commitment to public education, but because I desire for them more than standards and test scores. 
            So how then am I complicit in that I seek to change?  In everyway I am.  Yet, would I change?  That is a serious question I have to battle with.  And that battle is going to have to start- veil or no veil. 
            You see- I have power.  I have white skin.  I have a nuclear family (not historically, but I have one now) and I am heterosexual.  I don’t profess to hold, at least publicly, non-traditional religious views and I have wealth.  No, not an exuberant amount- but enough to allow me many options and many opportunities of both need and extravagance. I indulge both.  This is not meant to be a personal self- disclosure.  It is meant to poignantly illustrate (to both my readers and myself) that I embrace and reproduce with my life all the social norms that are created and maintained in American society.  I am part of the inertia I speak against. 
            I push the edges in my own mind with the work I seek to do, but yet in my own life I can’t push even one.  Why is that?

2.2.11

Developing a Research Question 3- Look how far I've come

Okay devoted readers here is what I have for the pilot study.  It starts this week so we'll see how it goes and I'll be sure to update you along the way.

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OVERARCHING QUESTION: How does a school’s transition to an inclusionary model impact the broader school culture? How is the policy/concept of inclusion “as a culture” received and enacted across school contexts?

Participants: Teachers

Pilot study question: How can ethnographic data collection techniques help illuminate the culture of select classrooms that are/are not in line with the school’s vision of inclusion at school X during year 1 of implementation?
I.    In what ways are inclusive values embedded in your classroom? The school? Or are the values missing here?
      Data Collection Method: Informal interviews using grand tour questions-
 A. How do you see the norms. climate, rituals, celebrations, problem-solving groups, or just the way we do things around here  today as compared to the last two or three years prior?
   B.  What has changed or stayed the same or different for you as a teacher this year?  Your teaching practices?  Curriculum? Lesson Planning? Interactions with others outside the classroom? Problem-solving team 
       -What are the benefits and challenges for you? For students? For families? Your colleagues?
a.   "family": teachers part of co-teaching teams
b.   non-family: teachers not part of co-teaching teams (have no children        with special education needs in their class)
II.  What challenges arise and how are they being negotiated/mitigated?
     Data Collection Method: Participant observation & informal interviews       
III.  What do teacher practices look like? 
     Data Collection Method: participant observation

A.     What does teacher collaboration look like?
B. What does classroom teaching look like?
C.  What does student problem solving look like?
D.  What are teacher roles?
E. To what extend do you feel SWD are being/feel included (as equal members in the school's culture) today? Their parents? What about peer acceptance?
( note to self: look for signs of whether they as teachers feel included in the school)
Method: Case study using ethnographic techniques
Data Collection: 
     -Weekly Participant observation 
-3 informal interviews
-on-going reflective research diary (noting process)
Data Analysis: ????????? (I'm still thinking on this one)
-reflexive journal on the effects being immersed into the culture has on data collection